This phylogeny is the author's opinion based on his interpretation of the literature. It is however, broadly congruent with recent works (e.g. Tykoski, 2005; Carrano and Sampson, 2007; Carrano et al., 2012; Loewen et al., 2013; Brusatte et al., 2014; Foth et al., 2014; Lee et al., 2014; Bell and Chiappe, 2015; Lu et al., 2015). The relationships of modern birds are based on molecular studies.
Format
Alpha
|--Beta
`--Gamma
|--Delta
|*-Epsilon
`--Zeta
|?-Eta
`--Theta
Based roughly on Mike Keesey's old Dinosauricon site. Beta and Gamma
are sister taxa within the clade Alpha Delta is within Gamma, but not a
member of Zeta. Epsilon, however, is Gamma incertae sedis. *UPDATED* Eta is only uncertainly placed
within its HTML page*. Nomina nuda are non-italicized and placed
in quotation marks, while unpublished taxa (as recognized by the ICZN)
are designated the same way, but followed by an asterisk. Nomina dubia
are not distinguished from valid taxa, as which taxa are indeterminate
is a subjective question. Taxa in parentheses are technically valid
according to the ICZN but not used by most theropod workers.
* Prior to 2021, this site used the question mark to indicate a taxon
was tentatively placed in that clade, but this was misleading as only a
very basic backbone can be considered a consensus from all well
designed analyses. Most taxa instead have a range of possible
positions such that a question mark by Epichirostenotes
that indicates it may not be a caenagnathine and might actually be an
elmisaurine or a more basal caenagnathid is not really comparable to a
question mark by Kol that
indicates not only might it be outside Avimimidae, it also might be
outside Elmisaurinae, Caenagnathidae, Caenagnathoidea,
Oviraptorosauria, Pennaraptora and all intermediate clades and actually
be nested in Alvarezsauridae. Note this is not yet implemented in
Sauropodomorpha and would not work for non-saurischians.
Cladogram
Theropoda
|*-Chilesaurus diegosuarezi
|--Erythrovenator jacuiensis
|?-Nhandumirim waldsangae
`--Avepoda
Neotheropoda
|*-Coelophysis? willistoni
|*-"Comanchesaurus kuesi"
|*-Dolichosuchus cristatus
|*-Dracoraptor hanigani
|*-Gojirasaurus quayi (in part)
|*-Halticosaurus longotarsus
|*-Lepidus praecisio
|*-Longosaurus longicollis
|*-"Megalosaurus" woodwardi
|*-"Newtonsaurus" cambrensis
|*-Protoavis texensis (in part)
|*-Velocipes guerichi
|--Coelophysoidea (Podokesauroidea, Procompsognathoidea)
| |*-Coelophysis? longicollis
| |*-Kayentavenator elysiae
| |*-Pendraig milnerae
| |*-Podokesaurus holyokensis
| |*-Pterospondylus trielbae
| |--Lophostropheus airelensis
| |--Powellvenator podocitus
| `--Coelophysidae (Procompsognathidae)
| |--+--Lucianovenator bonoi
| | `--"Syntarsus" kayentakatae
| `--+*-"Syntarsus" "mexicanum"
| |--Procompsognathinae
| | |--Panguraptor lufengensis
| | `--Procompsognathus triassicus
| `--Coelophysinae
| |--Camposaurus arizonensis
| |--Coelophysis bauri
| |--Coelophysis? rhodesiensis
| `--Segisaurus halli
`--+--Liliensternus liliensterni
|--Notatessaraeraptor frickensis
|--Sarcosaurus woodi
|--Zupaysaurus rougieri
`--+--Cryolophosaurus ellioti
|--Dilophosaurus wetherilli
|--Dracovenator regenti
`--+--Tachiraptor admirabilis
`--Averostra
|--Sinosaurus triassicus
|*-"Allosaurus" medius
|*-Allosaurus? trihedrodon
|*-Calamospondylus oweni
|*-"Capitalsaurus" potens
|*-"Coelurosaurus"
|*-Diplotomodon horrificus
|*-"Elaphrosaurus" iguidiensis
|*-"Futabasaurus"
|*-Inosaurus tedreftensis
|*-"Katsuyamasaurus"
|*-"Labrosaurus" "huene"
|*-"Mangahouanga"
|*-"Megalosaurus" dunkeri
|*-"Megalosaurus" insignis
|*-"Megalosaurus" lonzeensis
|*-Megalosaurus? monasterii
|*-"Megalosaurus" pombali
|*?Megalosaurus? "tibetensis"
|*-"Ornithocheirus" hilsensis
|*-Orthogoniosaurus matleyi
|*?Orthogoniosaurus? rawesi
|*-Ozraptor subotaii
|*-Paraxenisaurus normalensis
|*-"Prodeinodon" kwangshiensis
|*-Prodeinodon mongoliensis
|*-Szechuanosaurus campi
|*-Teinurosaurus sauvagei
|*-Wakinosaurus satoi
|*-Walgettosuchus woodwardi
|*?Yangchuanosaurus? "longqiaoensis"
|--Ceratosauria
| |*?Dornraptor normani
| |*?"Ngexisaurus dapukaensis"
| |--+--Berberosaurus liassicus
| | `--Saltriovenator zanellai
| |--Elaphrosaurinae
| | |?-+--Deltadromeus agilis
| | | `--Gualicho shinyae
| | |--Berthasaura leopoldinae
| | `--+--+--Elaphrosaurus bambergi
| | | `--Huinculsaurus montesi
| | |--Limusaurus inextricabilis
| | |?-Sinocoelurus fragilis
| | `?-Valdoraptor oweni
| `--Neoceratosauria
| |--Ceratosauridae
| | |*-Ceratosaurus? roechlingi
| | |--Genyodectes serus
| | |?-+--Ostafrikasaurus crassiserratus
| | | `--Ostafrikasaurus stechowi
| | `--+--Ceratosaurus nasicornis
| | `--Ceratosaurus meriani
| `--Abelisauroidea (Noasauroidea)
| |--Eoabelisaurus mefi
| `--+--Ligabueino andesi
| `--Abelisauria
| |*-Betasuchus bredai
| |--Noasauridae
| | |*-Coeluroides largus
| | |*-Compsosuchus solus
| | |*-Jubbulpuria tenuis
| | |*-Ornithomimoides? barasimlensis
| | |*-Ornithomimoides mobilis
| | |*-"Sidormimus"
| | |*-Laevisuchus indicus
| | |*-Austrocheirus isasii
| | |--+--Afromimus tenerensis
| | | `--Kiyacursor longipes
| | `--+--+--Velocisaurus unicus
| | | `--Vespersaurus paranaensis
| | `--+--Masiakasaurus knopfleri
| | `--Noasaurus leali
| `--Abelisauridae
| |--Chenanisaurus barbaricus
| |--Kryptops palaios
| |--Spectrovenator ragei
| |*?"Carnosaurus"
| |*-Dryptosauroides grandis
| |*-Tarascosaurus salluvicus
| |*-"Titanovenator kenyaensis"*
| `--+*-Kurupi itaata
| |--Rugops primus
| `--+*-Tralkasaurus cuyi
| |--Majungasaurinae
| | |--+--Arcovenator escotae
| | | `--Genusaurus sisteronis
| | `--+--Indosaurus matleyi
| | |--Indosuchus raptorius
| | |--Majungasaurus crenatissimus
| | `--Rajasaurus narmadensis
| `--Brachyrostra
| |*-Thanos simonattoi
| |--Xenotarsosaurus bonapartei
| `--+--+--Dahalokely tokana
| | `--Rahiolisaurus gujaratensis
| `--+*-"Bayosaurus pubica"
| |*-Guemesia ochoai
| |--+--Ilokelesia aguadagradensis
| | `--+--Ekrixinatosaurus novasi
| | `--Skorpiovenator bustingorryi
| `--Furileusauria
| |*-Caletodraco cottardi
| |*-Elemgasem nubilus
| |--Llukalkan aliocranianus
| |--Pycnonemosaurus nevesi
| |--Quilmesaurus curriei
| |--Viavenator exxoni
| `--Carnotaurini (Abelisaurini)
| |*-Koleken inakayali
| |*-Niebla antiqua
| |--Carnotaurinae
| | `--Carnotaurus sastrei
| `--Abelisaurinae
| |--Abelisaurus comahuensis
| `--Aucasaurus garridoi
`--Tetanurae
|--Chuandongocoelurus primitivus
|--Pandoravenator fernandezorum
|?-Monolophosaurus jiangi
|*-Allosaurus? tendagurensis
|*-Fosterovenator churei
|*-Kaijiangosaurus lini
|*?Megalosaurus? "dapukaensis"
|*-"Megalosaurus" inexpectatus
|*-"Megalosaurus" pannoniensis
|*?"Mifunesaurus"
|*?"Morosaurus" marchei
|*?Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis
|*?Prodeinodon? "tibetensis"
|*?Spinostropheus gautieri
|*-Vectaerovenator inopinatus
`--Orionides
|*-Bahariasaurus ingens
|*-Cruxicheiros newmanorum
|*-Dandakosaurus indicus
|*?"Megalosaurus" hungaricus
|*-"Metriacanthosaurus" "reynoldsi"
|*-"Yunyangosaurus puanensis"
|--Megalosauroidea
| |?-Piatnitzkysauridae
| | |?-Gasosaurus constructus
| | |--Marshosaurus bicentissimus
| | `--+--Condorraptor currumili
| | `--Piatnitzkysaurus floresi
| `--Megalosauria
| |*-Streptospondylus altdorfensis
| |--Megalosauridae
| | |*?Streptospondylus? cuvieri
| | |--Eustreptospondylinae
| | | `--Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis
| | `--+--Megalosaurinae
| | | |--Duriavenator hesperis
| | | `--+--Megalosaurus bucklandii
| | | |*-"Scrotum humanum"
| | | |*-"Megalosaurus" "phillipsi"
| | | |*-"Brontoraptor"
| | | |*-Edmarka rex
| | | `--+--Wiehenvenator albati
| | | `--+--Torvosaurus tanneri
| | | `--Torvosaurus gurneyi
| | `--Afrovenatorinae
| | |--Afrovenator abakensis
| | |--Dubreuillosaurus valesdunensis
| | |--Leshansaurus qianweiensis
| | |?-Magnosaurus nethercombensis
| | |?-Piveteausaurus divesensis
| | `?-Poekilopleuron bucklandii
| `--Spinosauridae
| |*-"Vectispinus"
| |--Baryonychinae
| | |*-Suchosaurus cultridens
| | |*-Suchosaurus? girardi
| | |*?"Weenyonyx"
| | |--Iberospinus natarioi
| | |--Protathlitis cinctorrensis
| | |--Riojavenatrix lacustris
| | |--Vallibonavenatrix cani
| | `--+--Baryonyx walkeri
| | `--Ceratosuchopsini
| | |--Cristatusaurus lapparenti
| | `--+--Ceratosuchops inferodios
| | `--Riparovenator milnerae
| `--Spinosaurinae
| |--Camarillasaurus cirugedae
| `--+--Irritator challengeri
| |--Oxalaia quilombensis
| |--Ichthyovenator laosensis
| |--Siamosaurus suteethorni
| |--Siamosaurus? fusuiensis
| `--Spinosaurus aegyptiacus
`--Avetheropoda
|*-Datanglong guangxiensis
|*?Lourinhanosaurus antunesi
|*-"Tyrannosaurus" "lanpingensis"
|*-Unquillosaurus ceibalei
|--Carnosauria
| |--"Asfaltovenator vialidadi"
| `--Allosauroidea
| |*-Erectopus superbus
| |*?Kelmayisaurus petrolicus
| |*?Xuanhanosaurus qilixiaensis
| |--Metriacanthosauridae
| | |*-Chienkosaurus ceratosauroides
| | |*-"Yuanmouraptor"
| | |--+--Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis
| | | `--Yangchuanosaurus zigongensis
| | `--Metriacanthosaurinae
| | |--Shidaisaurus jinae
| | `--+--Alpkarakush kyrgyzicus
| | `--+--Metriacanthosaurus parkeri
| | |--Sinraptor dongi
| | `--Sinraptor? hepingensis
| `--Allosauria
| |--Carcharodontosauridae
| | |--Lusovenator santosi
| | |--Siamraptor suwati
| | `--+--Neovenator salerii
| | |?-Ulughbegsaurus uzbekistanensis
| | `--+?*"Osteoporosia gigantea"
| | |--+--Altispinax dunkeri
| | | |--Concavenator corcovatus
| | | |--Eocarcharia dinops
| | | |--Lajasvenator ascheriae
| | | `--Sauroniops pachytholus
| | `--+--+--Acrocanthosaurus atokensis
| | | `--Veterupristisaurus milneri
| | `--+?-Shaochilong maortuensis
| | `--Carcharodontosaurinae
| | |*-"Megalosaurus" chubutensis
| | |*?"Megalosaurus" ingens
| | |--+--Carcharodontosaurus saharicus
| | | `--Carcharodontosaurus? iguidensis
| | `--Giganotosaurinae
| | |--Meraxes gigas
| | `--+--Tyrannotitan chubutensis
| | `--+--Mapusaurus roseae
| | `--Giganotosaurus carolinii
| `--Allosauridae
| |--Allosaurus? ferox
| |--Antrodemus valens
| |--Creosaurus atrox
| |--Epanterias amplexus
| |--Labrosaurus lucaris
| |?-Saurophaganax maximus
| `--Allosaurus fragilis
`--Coelurosauria
|--Bicentenaria argentina
|?-Siamotyrannus isanensis
|*?"Aratasaurus museunacionali"
|*?Iliosuchus incognitus
`--+--Vayuraptor nongbualamphuensis
|*-"Kagasaurus"
|*-"Vitakridrinda sulaimani"
|*-Xinjiangovenator parvus
|?-Megaraptora
| |?-Chilantaisaurus tashuikouensis
| |?-Siats meekerorum
| |--Phuwiangvenator yaemniyomi
| |--Aoniraptor libertatum
| `--+--Fukuiraptor kitadaniensis
| `--Megaraptoridae
| |*-"Allosaurus" "robustus"
| |*-"Allosaurus" sibiricus
| |--Rapator ornitholestoides
| `--+--Australovenator wintonensis
| `--+--Megaraptor namunhuaiquii
| `--+--Murusraptor barrosaensis
| `--+--Aerosteon riocoloradensis
| |--Maip macrothorax
| |--Orkoraptor burkei
| `--Tratayenia rosalesi
`--Tyrannoraptora
|*-Aristosuchus pusillus
|*-Bagaraatan ostromi
|*-Beipiaognathus jii
|*?Kakuru kujani
|*-Mirischia asymmetrica
|*-Timimus hermani
|*-"Tonouchisaurus mongoliensis"
|--Coeluridae
| |--Zuolong salleei
| `--+--Coelurus fragilis
| `--Tanycolagreus topwilsoni
|--Tyrannosauroidea (Deinodontoidea)
| |*-Aviatyrannis jurassica
| |--Proceratosauridae
| | |--Guanlong wucaii
| | |--Proceratosaurus bradleyi
| | |--Kileskus aristotocus
| | `--+--Sinotyrannus kazuoensis
| | `--Yutyrannus huali
| `--Pantyrannosauria
| |--+--Calamosaurus foxi
| | |--Dilong paradoxus
| | `?-Nuthetes destructor
| `--+--"Stokesosauridae"
| | |--Stokesosaurus clevelandi
| | |--Juratyrant langhami
| | `--Eotyrannus lengi
| `--+*-Moros intrepidus
| |--Alectrosaurus olseni
| |--Suskityrannus hazelae
| `--+?-Embasaurus minax
| |--Xiongguanlong baimoensis
| `--+--Jinbeisaurus wangi
| |--Timurlengia euotica
| `--Eutyrannosauria
| |*-Aublysodon? lateralis
| |*-"Bistityrannus anax"*
| |*-Chingkankousaurus fragilis
| |*-Deinodon horridus
| |*-Deinodon? falculus
| |*?Deinodon? grandis
| |*-Deinodon? hazenianus
| |*-"Denazinosaurus sicarius"*
| |*-"Erinotonax sabathi"*
| |*-"Ornithomimus" tenuis
| |*-"Suciasaurus rex"
| |*-"Teihivenator" macropus
| |--Dryptosauridae
| | |--Dryptosaurus aquilunguis
| | `--"Cryptotyrannus"
| `--+--Raptorex kriegsteini
| `--+--Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis
| `--+--+--"Atroxicarius eversor"*
| | |--Bistahieversor sealeyi
| | `--+--Labocania anomala
| | `--Labocania aguillonae
| `--Tyrannosauridae (Deinodontidae)
| |--Albertosaurinae
| | |--Gorgosaurus libratus
| | |--"Albertosaurus" incrassatus
| | |--Albertosaurus sarcophagus
| | `--Albertosaurus? periculosus
| `--Tyrannosaurinae
| |--Alioramus remotus
| `--+--Teratophoneini
| | |--Lythronax argestes
| | `--+--Dynamoterror dynastes
| | `--Teratophoneus curriei
| `--+--Asiatyrannus xui
| |--Nanuqsaurus hoglundi
| `--+*-Aublysodon mirandus
| |--Daspletosaurini
| | |--Thanatotheristes degrootorum
| | `--+--Daspletosaurus "horneri"
| | `--+--Daspletosaurus torosus
| | `--Daspletosaurus wilsoni
| `--Tyrannosaurini
| |*-Tyrannosaurus? zhuchengensis
| |*-Zhuchengtyrannus magnus
| |--Tarbosaurus bataar
| `--+--Tyrannosaurus mcraeensis
| `--Tyrannosaurus rex
`--Maniraptoromorpha
|--Sinocalliopteryx gigas
`--+--+--Huaxiagnathus orientalis
| `--Juravenator starki
`--Neocoelurosauria
|*-"Beelemodon"
|*?Microvenator? "chagyabi"
|--Aniksosaurus darwini
|?-Archaeornithoides deinosauriscus
|--Scipionyx samniticus
|--Compsognathidae
| |?-Tugulusaurus faciles
| `--+?-Shishugounykus inexpectus
| |--Sinosauropteryx prima
| |?-Santanaraptor placidus
| `--+--+?-Haplocheirus sollers
| | `--"Ubirajara jubatus"
| |?-Xunmenglong yinliangis
| `--+--Compsognathus longipes
| `--+--Aorun zhaoi
| `--Sciurumimus albersdoerferi
`--+--+--Ornitholestes hermanni
| `--"Fukuivenator paradoxus"
`--------Maniraptoriformes
|--Arctometatarsalia
| Ornithomimosauria
| |*-"Dryosaurus" grandis
| |*-"Sanchusaurus"
| |--Arkansaurus fridayi
| |--Nedcolbertia justinhofmanni
| `--+--Deinocheiridae
| | |--Deinocheirus mirificus
| | `--Hexing qingyi
| `--+*?Kinnareemimus khonkaenensis
| |--Shenzhousaurus orientalis
| `--Macrocheiriformes
| |--Pelecanimimus polyodon
| `--+--Harpymimus okladnikovi
| `--Ornithomiminae
| |--Tyrannomimus fukuiensis
| |--Garudimimidae
| | |--+--Archaeornithomimus asiaticus
| | | `--Archaeornithomimus? bissektensis
| | `--+--"Grusimimus tsuru"
| | `--+--Beishanlong grandis
| | `--Garudimimus brevipes
| `--Ornithomimidae
| |*-Aepyornithomimus tugrikinensis
| |*-"Coelosaurus" antiquus
| |*-"Orcomimus"
| |*-"Saltillomimus rapidus"
| |--+--Sinornithomimus dongi
| | `--Ornithomimus velox
| `--+--+--Tototlmimus packardensis
| | `--"Gallimimus" "mongoliensis"
| `--+--+--"Ornithomimus" sedens
| | `--Rativates evadens
| `--+--+--Struthiomimus altus
| | `--Gallimimus bullatus
| `--+--Anserimimus planinychus
| `--+--Qiupalong henanensis
| `--+--Dromiceiomimus brevitertius
| `--Dromiceiomimus samueli
`--Maniraptora
|*-Bradycneme draculae
Metornithes
|?-+?-Nqwebasaurus thwazi
| `--+?-Alvarezsauroidea
| | |--Khulsanurus magnificus
| | `--+--Xiyunykus pengi
| | `--+--Bannykus wulatensis
| | `--+--Patagonykinae
| | | |--Patagonykus puertai
| | | `--Bonapartenykus ultimus
| | `--Alvarezsauridae
| | |--Alvarezsaurus calvoi
| | `--+--Achillesaurus manazzonei
| | `--+--Alnashetri cerropoliciensis
| | `--+--Dzharaonyx eski
| | `--Parvicursorinae
| | |--Mononykini
| | | |--Mononykus olecranus
| | | `--Qiupanykus zhangi
| | `--+--Parvicursor remotus
| | `--+--+--Jaculinykus yaruui
| | | `--Shuvuuia deserti
| | `--+--+--Albertonykus borealis
| | | |--"Ornithomimus" minutus
| | | `--Trierarchuncus prairiensis
| | `--+--Heptasteornis andrewsi
| | `--Ceratonykini
| | |--Ceratonykus oculatus
| | `--+--Linhenykus monodactylus
| | `--+--Xixianykus zhangi
| | `--+--Nemegtonykus citus
| | `--Albinykus baatar
| `--Therizinosauria
| |*-Martharaptor greenriverensis
| |*-"Tiantaiosaurus sifengensis"
| |--Thecocoelurus daviesi
| |--Falcarius utahensis
| `--+--Jianchangosaurus yixianensis
| `--Therizinosauroidea
| |--Beipiaosaurus inexpectus
| `--+--Alxasaurus elesitaiensis
| |--"Chilantaisaurus" zheziangensis
| |--Enigmosaurus mongoliensis
| `--Therizinosauridae
| |--+--Suzhousaurus megatherioides
| | `--+--Neimongosaurus yangi
| | `--+--Erliansaurus bellamanus
| | `--+--Paralitherizinosaurus japonicus
| | `--Therizinosaurus cheloniformis
| `--+--Nanshiungosaurus brevispinus
| `--+*-"Nanshiungosaurus" bohlini
| |--Segnosaurus galbinensis
| `--+--Erlikosaurus andrewsi
| |--Nothronychus mckinleyi
| `--Nothronychus? graffami
`--Pennaraptora
|*-Ilerdopteryx viai
|--Oviraptorosauria
| |--Protarchaeopteryx robusta
| `--+--Similicaudipteryx yixianensis
| `--+--Ganzhousaurus nankangensis
| `--+--Caudipteridae
| | |--Caudipteryx zoui
| | `--"Xingtianosaurus ganqi"
| `--+--Incisivosaurus gauthieri
| |*-Yuanyanglong bainian
| `--Caenagnathoidea
| |--Caenagnathidae
| | |*-Luoyanggia liudianensis
| | |--Microvenator celer
| | `--+*-Leptorhynchos gaddisi
| | |*-Ojoraptorsaurus boerei
| | |--Kuszholia mengi
| | |--Caenagnathinae
| | | |--Anzu wyliei
| | | |--Caenagnathus collinsi
| | | |--Epichirostenotes curriei
| | | `--Hagryphus giganteus
| | |--Apatoraptor pennatus
| | |--Chirostenotes pergracilis
| | `--Elmisaurinae
| | |--Eoneophron infernalis
| | |--Elmisaurus rarus
| | |--Citipes elegans
| | `--Avimimidae
| | |--Shixinggia oblita
| | |?-Kol ghuva
| | `--+--Avimimus nemegtensis
| | `--Avimimus portentosus
| `--Oviraptoridae
| |--Shanyangosaurus niupanggouensis
| |--Beibeilong sinensis
| |--Gigantoraptor erlianensis
| |--Nomingia gobiensis
| `--+--Banji long
| `--+--+--"Huanansaurus ganzhouensis"
| | `--+--"Corythoraptor jacobsi"
| | `--+--Nankangia jiangxiensis
| | `--+?-"Lingyuanosaurus sihedangensis"
| | `--Yulong mini
| `--+--Citipatiinae
| | |--"Anomalipes zhaoi"
| | `--Citipati osmolskae
| `--+--Rinchenia mongoliensis
| `--+--+--Wulatelong gobiensis
| | `--+--Oviraptor philoceratops
| | `--"Tongtianlong limosus"
| `--Heyuanninae
| |--+--Conchoraptor gracilis
| | |--Jiangxisaurus ganzhouensis
| | |--Oksoko avarsan
| | `--Machairasaurus leptonychus
| `--+--Khaan mckannai
| `--+--Nemegtomaia barsboldi
| `--+--Heyuannia huangi
| `--+--Gobiraptor minutus
| `--Heyuannia yanshini
`--Paraves
Avepectora
Eumaniraptora
|*-Cretaaviculus sarysuensis
|--Deinonychosauria
| |--Jinfengopteryginae
| | Jinfengopteryx elegans
| `--+*-Imperobator antarcticus
| |?-Archaeopterygidae
| | |*-Ostromia crassipes
| | |--+--Serikornis sungei
| | | `--Fujianvenator prodigiosus
| | `--+*?Pedopenna daohugouensis
| | |?-Caihong juji
| | `--+--Anchiornis huxleyi
| | `--+--+--Aurornis xui
| | | `--Eosinopteryx brevipenna
| | `--Archaeopteryx lithographica
| `--Ornithodesmiformes
| |*-Migmanychion laiyang
| |*-Ornithodesmus cluniculus
| |*-Pyroraptor olympius
| |*-Yaverlandia bitholus
| |--Unenlagiidae
| | |--Halszkaraptorinae
| | | |--Halszkaraptor escuilliei
| | | `--+--Natovenator polydontus
| | | |--Ningyuansaurus wangi
| | | `--+--Hulsanpes perlei
| | | `--Mahakala omnogovae
| | `--Unenlagiinae
| | |*-Diuqin lechiguanae
| | |*-"Lopasaurus"
| | |--+--Austroraptor cabazai
| | | `--Ypupiara lopai
| | `--+--Alcmonavis poeschli
| | `--+--Buitreraptor gonzalezorum
| | |--Pamparaptor micros
| | `--+--Overoraptor chimentoi
| | |--Rahonavis ostromi
| | `--+?-Dakotaraptor steini
| | |?-Dineobellator notohesperus
| | `--+--Neuquenraptor argentinus
| | |--Unenlagia comahuensis
| | `--Unenlagia? paynemili
| `--+--Troodontidae
| | |*?+--Paronychodon lacustris
| | | |--Paronychodon caperatus
| | | |--Paronychodon asiaticus
| | | `--Paronychodon portucalensis
| | |--Sinovenatorinae
| | | |--Mei long
| | | `--+--Xiaotingia zhengi
| | | `--+--Jianianhualong tengi
| | | `--Sinovenator changii
| | `--+--+--Liaoningvenator curriei
| | | `--+--Harenadraco prima
| | | `--+--Almas ukhaa
| | | `--Philovenator curriei
| | |--Tamarro insperatus
| | `--+*?Koparion douglassi
| | |*-"Saurornithoides" asiamericanus
| | |*-Urbacodon? norelli
| | |--+--+--Daliansaurus liaoningensis
| | | | `--Tochisaurus nemegtensis
| | | `--+?-Hesperornithoides miessleri
| | | `--+--Xixiasaurus henanensis
| | | `--Sinusonasus magnodens
| | `--+--+--Sinornithoides youngi
| | | `--Byronosaurus jaffei
| | `--+--Gobivenator mongoliensis
| | `--+--Geminiraptor suarezarum
| | |--Urbacodon itemirensis
| | `--Troodontinae
| | |*-"Saurornitholestes" robustus
| | |--+--Borogovia gracilicrus
| | | `--Saurornithoides mongoliensis
| | `--+--+--Zanabazar junior
| | | `--Papiliovenator neimengguensis
| | `--+--Troodon formosus
| | |--Troodon? bakkeri
| | |--Albertavenator curriei
| | `--+--Hypnovenator matsubaraetoheorum
| | `--+--Linhevenator tani
| | `--Talos sampsoni
| `--Dromaeosauridae
| |--"Velociraptor" osmolskae
| |*-Acheroraptor temertyorum
| |*-Boreonykus certekorum
| |*-"Julieraptor"
| |*-Kansaignathus sogdianus
| |*?"Kitadanisaurus"
| `--+--Microraptoria
| | |--Tianyuraptor ostromi
| | |*-"Paleopteryx thomsoni"
| | |*?Shanag ashile
| | |*?+--Richardoestesia gilmorei
| | | `?-+--Richardoestesia? isosceles
| | | `--Richardoestesia? asiatica
| | `--+--Graciliraptor lujiatunensis
| | `--+--Changyuraptor yangi
| | `--+--Sinornithosaurus millenii
| | `--+--Wulong bohaiensis
| | `--+--Zhongjianosaurus yangi
| | `--Microraptor zhaoianus
| `--+--+--Bambiraptor feinbergi
| | `--Variraptor mechinorum
| `--Eudromaeosauria
| |*-"Dromaeosaurus" gracilis
| |*-Vectiraptor greeni
| |*-Yurgovuchia doellingi
| |--Dromaeosaurinae
| | |--Atrociraptor marshalli
| | |--Saurornitholestes langstoni
| | |--Saurornitholestes? sullivani
| | |--Tsaagan mangas
| | |--Dromaeosaurus albertensis
| | `*?Dromaeosauroides bornholmensis
| `--Velociraptorinae (Itemirinae)
| |--+--Shri devi
| | |--Velociraptor mongoliensis
| | |--Luanchuanraptor henanensis
| | |--Daurlong wangi
| | |--Kuru kulla
| | |--Adasaurus mongoliensis
| | `--"Koreanosaurus koreanensis"
| `--+*-Pneumatoraptor fodori
| |*-Yixianosaurus longimanus
| |--Deinonychus antirrhopus
| |--Itemirus medullaris
| `--+--Achillobator giganticus
| `--Utahraptor ostrommaysi
`--Avialae
|*-Fortipesavis prehendens
|*-Praeornis sharovi
|?-Scansoriopterygidae
| |--Yi qi
| `--+--Ambopteryx longibrachium
| `--+--Epidexipteryx hui
| `--Scansoriopteryx heilmanni
`--------+*-Dalianraptor cuhe
|*-Neimengornis rectusmim
|*-"Zhyraornis kashkarovi"
|--Shenzhouraptor sinensis
`--Euavialae
|*-Bauxitornis mindszentyae
|--Balaur bondoc
|--Fukuipteryx prima
|--Hesperonychus elizabethae
|--Jixiangornis orientalis
|--Yandangornis longicaudus
|--Zhongjianornis yangi
`--Avebrevicauda
|--Jinguofortisidae
| |--Jinguofortis perplexus
| `--+--Chongmingia zhengi
| `--Cratonavis zhui
|--Omnivoropterygiformes
| |?-Falcatakely forsterae
| `--Sapeornis chaoyangensis
`--------Pygostylia
|*-Qiliania graffini
|--Confuciusornithiformes
| Confuciusornithidae
| |*?Elopteryx nopcsai
| |*-"Proornis coreae"
| |--Changchengornis hengdaoziensis
| |--Yangavis confucii
| `--+*-Zhongornis haoae
| |*-Confuciusornis chuonzhous
| |--Confuciusornis dui
| |--Confuciusornis jianchangensis
| |--Confuciusornis feducciai
| |--Confuciusornis zhengi
| |--Confuciusornis shifan
| `--Confuciusornis sanctus
`--Ornithothoraces
|*-Aberratiodontus wui
|*-Hollanda luceria
|*-Kaririavis mater
|*-Lectavis bretincola
|*?Lenesornis maltshevskyi
|*-Platanavis nana
|*-"Smallornis liaoningica"
|*-Wyleyia valdensis
|--Enantiornithes
| |*-Abavornis bonaparti
| |*-Castignovolucris sebei
| |*-Catenoleimus anachoretus
| |*-Cuspirostrisornis houi
| |*-Enantiophoenix electrophyla
| |*-"Enantiornis" walkeri
| |*?Evgenavis nobilis
| |*-Feitianius paradisi
| |*-Gracilornis jiufotangensis
| |*-Huoshanornis huji
| |*-Iberomesornis romerali
| |*-"Ichthyornis" minusculus
| |*-+--Incolornis silvae
| | `--Incolornis martini
| |*-"Jinzhouornis" "delicates"
| |*-Longchengornis sanyanensis
| |*-Yuanjiawaornis viriosus
| |--Brevirostruavis macrohyoideus
| |--Cruralispennia multidonta
| |--Eopengornis martini
| |--Explorornis nessovi
| |--Mirusavis parvus
| |--Noguerornis gonzalezi
| |--Orienantius ritteri
| |--Pengornis houi
| |--Protopteryx fengningensis
| |--Shangyang graciles
| `--+*-Alexornis antecedens
| |*-Cratoavis cearensis
| |*-Grabauornis lingyuanensis
| |*-Halimornis thompsoni
| |*-Kizylkumavis cretacea
| |*-Sazavis prisca
| |*-Yatenavis ieujensis
| |--Boluochia zhengi
| |--+--Longipteryx chaoyangensis
| | `--Longipteryx? yangi
| |--Shengjingornis yangi
| |--Longirostravisidae
| | |--Shanweiniao cooperorum
| | `--+--Longirostravis hani
| | `--Rapaxavis pani
| `--+*-Alethoalaornis agitornis
| |*-Gurilynia nessovi
| |--Avimaia schweitzerae
| |--Cathayornis? aberransis
| |--"Cathayornis" chabuensis
| |--Cathayornis yandica
| |--Concornis lacustris
| |--Dalingheornis liweii
| |--Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus
| |--Dunhuangia cuii
| |--Elbretornis bonapartei
| |--Elektorornis chenguangi
| |--Elsornis keni
| |--Enantiornis leali
| |--Eocathayornis walkeri
| |--Eoenantiornis buhleri
| |--Flexomornis howei
| |--Fortunguavis xiaotaizicus
| |--Gobipipus reshetovi
| |--Gobipteryx minuta
| |--Gretcheniao sinensis
| |--Hebeiornis fengningensis
| |--Holbotia ponomarenkoi
| |--Houornis caudatus
| |--Imparavis attenboroughi
| |--Jibeinia luanhera
| |--Junornis houi
| |--Largirostrornis sexdentoris
| |--Liaoxiornis delicatus
| |--Linyiornis amoena
| |--Magnusavis ekalakaenis
| |--Martinavis cruzyensis
| |--Martinavis? minor
| |--Martinavis? saltariensis
| |--Martinavis? vincei
| |--Martinavis? whetstonei
| |--Microenantiornis vulgaris
| |--Monoenantiornis sihedangia
| |--Musivavis amabilis
| |--Nanantius eos
| |--Otogornis genghisi
| |--Paraprotopteryx gracilis
| |--Parvavis chuxiongensis
| |--Piscivorenantiornis inusitatus
| |--Pterygornis dapingfangensis
| |--Sinornis santensis
| |--Xiangornis shenmi
| |--Yuornis junchangi
| |--Yungavolucris brevipedalis
| |--Avisauridae
| | |--+--+--Avisaurus archibaldi
| | | | `--Avisaurus darwini
| | | `--+--Gettyia gloriae
| | | `--Mirarce eatoni
| | `--+--Soroavisaurus australis
| | `--+--Neuquenornis volans
| | `--Intiornis inexpectatus
| |--Bohaiornithidae
| | |*-Beiguornis khinganensis
| | |--+--Shenqiornis mengi
| | | `--Sulcavis geeorum
| | `--+--Zhouornis hani
| | `--+--Longusunguis kurochkini
| | `--+--Parabohaiornis martini
| | `--Bohaiornis guoi
| `--Liaoningornithidae
| |?-Vorona berivotrensis
| |--Eoalulavis hoyasi
| `--Liaoningornis longidigitus
`--Euornithes
|--Jianchangornis microdonta
`--+--Schizoouridae
| |--Schizooura lii
| `--+--Archaeorhynchus spathula
| `--Meemannavis ductrix
`--+--Piscivoravis lii
`--Ornithuromorpha
|--Patagopterygiformes
| |--Chaoyangia beishanensis
| `--Patagopteryx deferrariisi
`--+--Yanornithiformes
| |--Yanornis martini
| `--Similiyanornis brevipectus
`--+*-Guildavis tener
|--Songlingornithidae
| |--Yixianornis grabaui
| `--Songlingornis linghensis
|--Ambiortiformes
| |--Shuilingornis angelai
| |--Iteravis zheni
| `--+--+--Gansus yumenensis
| | `--Ambiortus dementjevi
| `--+--Juehuaornis zhangi
| `--Yumenornis huangi
`--+--Hongshanornithidae
| |--Archaeornithura meemannae
| `--+--Tianyuornis cheni
| `--+-Parahongshanornis chaoyangensis
| `--Hongshanornis longicresta
`--+--Khinganornis hulunbuirensis
`--+--Longicrusavis houi
`--+--+--Mystiornis cyrili
| `--+--Bellulornis rectusunguis
| `--+--Mengciusornis dentatus
| `--Xinghaiornis lini
`--+--Changmaornis houi
`--+--Apsaraviformes
| |--Apsaravis ukhaana
| `--Palintropus retusus
`--Ornithurae
|*-Gargantuavis philoinos
|*-+--Zhyraornis kashkarovi
| `--Zhyraornis logunovi
|--Odontornithes
| |*-Horezmavis eocretacea
| |--Ichthyornithes
| | |--Ichthyornis dispar
| | `--Janavis finalidens
| `--Hesperornithes
| |*-Brevidentavis zhangi
| Hesperornithiformes
| |--Enaliornis barretti
| |--Enaliornis? sedgwicki
| |--Enaliornis? seeleyi
| `--+--Pasquiaornis hardiei
| |--Pasquiaornis? tankei
| `--+--Chupkaornis keraorum
| `--Hesperornithoidea
| |*-Hesperornis? macdonaldi
| |*-Judinornis nogontsavensis
| |*-Parascaniornis stensioei
| |--Baptornithidae
| | `--Baptornis advenus
| `--Hesperornithidae
| |--+--Potamornis skutchi
| | |--Brodavis americanus
| | |--Brodavis? baileyi
| | |--Brodavis? varneri
| | `--Brodavis? mongoliensis
| `--+--Fumicollis hoffmani
| `--+--Parahesperornis alexi
| |--Hesperornis? mengeli
| `--+--Hesperornis bairdi
| `--+*-Canadaga arctica
| |*-Hesperornis altus
| |*-Hesperornis montanus
| |--Hesperornis gracilis
| |--Hesperornis chowi
| |--Hesperornis lumgairi
| |--Hesperornis regalis
| `--+--Hesperornis crassipes
| |--Hesperornis rossicus
| `--Hesperornis bazhanovi
`--Carinatae
Aves
|*-Apatornis celer
|*-Gallornis straeleni
|*-Jiuquanornis niui
|*-Laornis edvardsianus
|*-"Lonchodytes" pterygius
|*-+--Palaeotringa littoralis
| `--Palaeotringa vagans
|*-"Palaeotringa" vetus
|*-Volgavis marina
|*-Cimolopterygidae
| |--Cimolopteryx rara
| |--"Cimolopteryx" maxima
| |--"Cimolopteryx" minima
| |--"Cimolopteryx" petra
| `--Ceramornis major
|--Panpalaeognathae
| |--Antarcticavis capelambensis
| |?-Eogranivora edentulata
| `--+--Limenavis patagonica
| |--Lithornithidae
| `--Palaeognathae
| |--Struthioniformes
| `--Notopalaeognathae
| |--Dinocrypturi
| | |--Dinornithiformes
| | `--Tinamiformes
| `--+--Rheiformes
| `--Novaeratitae
| |--Casuariiformes
| `--+--Aepyornithiformes
| `--Apterygiformes
`--Panneognathae
|--Iaceornis marshi
|*?Cerebavis cenomanica
|*-Novacaesareala hungerfordi
|*-Qinornis paleocenica
|*-Tingmiatornis arctica
|*-+--Graculavus velox
| `--Graculavus augustus
|*-Telmatornis priscus
|--Vegaviidae
| |--Maaqwi cascadensis
| |--Vegavis iaai
| |--Polarornis gregorii
| `--Neogaeornis wetzeli
`--Neognathae
|--Pangalloanserae
| |*-"Borealornis antecatastrophis"
| Galloanserae
| |--Pangalliformes
| | |*-Austinornis lentus
| | |--Asteriornis maastrichtensis
| | `--+--Gallinuloididae
| | `--+--Paraortygidae
| | `--+--Quercymegapodiidae
| | `--Galliformes
| | |--Megapodiidae
| | `--+--Cracidae
| | `--Phasianoidea
| | |--Numididae
| | `--Phasianidae
| `--Anserimorphae
| |*-Kookne yeutensis
| |--Anatalavinae
| | |--Conflicto antarcticus
| | |--Nettapterornis oxfordi
| | `--Anatalavis rex
| `--+--Presbyornithidae
| | |--"Styginetta lofgreni"
| | |--Teviornis gobiensis
| | `--Torotix clemensi
| `--Anseriformes
| |--Anhimidae
| `--Anseres
| |--Anseranatidae
| `--Anatidae
`--Panneoaves
Neoaves
|--Caprimulgimorphae
| Strisores
| |--Caprimulgiformes
| | `--Caprimulgidae
| `--Vanescaves
| |--Sedentaves
| | |--Steatornithiformes
| | `--Nyctibiiformes
| | `--Nyctibiidae
| `--Letornithes
| |--Podargiformes
| | `--Podargidae
| `--Daedalornithes
| |--Aegotheliformes
| `--Pan-Apodiformes
| Apodiformes
| |--Trochilidae
| `--Apodi
| |--Hemiprocne
| `--Apodidae
`--+--Columbaves
| |--Cuculiformes
| | `--Cuculidae
| |--Musophagotides
| | |--Musophagiformes
| | `--Otidiformes
| `--Columbimorphae
| |--Columbiformes
| `--Pteroclimesites
| |--Mesitornithiformes
| `--Pterocliformes
`--+--Gruiformes
| |--Ralloidea
| | |--Rallidae
| | `--+--Heliornithidae
| | `--Saurothruridae
| `--Grues
| |--Lamarqueavis australis
| |--Psophiidae
| `--Gruoidea
| |--Aramidae
| `--Gruidae
`--+--Aequorlitornithes
| |--+--Mirandornithes
| | | |--Podicipediformes
| | | `--Phoenicopteriformes
| | `--Charadriiformes
| | |--Charadrii
| | | |--+--Charadriidae
| | | | `--Haematopoidea
| | | | |--Recurvirostridae
| | | | `--Haematopodidae
| | | `--Chionidi
| | | |--Burhinidae
| | | `--+--Chionididae
| | | `--Pluvianellidae
| | `--+--Scolopaci
| | | |--Scolopacidae
| | | `--Thinocori
| | | |--Thinocoroidea
| | | | |--Pedionomidae
| | | | `--Thinocoridae
| | | `--Parrae
| | | |--Rostratulidae
| | | `--Jacanidae
| | `--Lari
| | |--Turnicidae
| | `--+--Glareolidae
| | `--+--Dromadidae
| | `--+--Alcidae
| | |--Stercorariidae
| | `--Larides
| | |--Laridae
| | |--Sternidae
| | `--Rhynchopidae
| `--Phaethoquornithes
| |--Phaethontimorphae
| | |--Phaethontiformes
| | | |--Lithoptila
| | | `--+--Prophaethon
| | | `--Phaethontidae
| | `--Eurypygiformes
| | |--Eurypygidae
| | `--Rhynochetidae
| `--Aequornithes
| |--Gaviiformes
| `--Feraequornithes
| |--Procellariimorphae
| | |--Sphenisciformes
| | `--Procellariiformes
| | |--Lonchodytes estesi
| | |--Tytthostonyx glauconiticus
| | |--Diomedeidae
| | `--+--Oceanitidae
| | `--+--Hydrobatidae
| | `--Procellariidae
| `--Pelecanimorphae
| |--Ciconiiformes
| `--Pelecanes
| |--Suliformes
| | |--Fregatidae
| | `--Sulida
| | |--Sulidae
| | `--Phalacrocoracoidea
| | |--Anhingidae
| | `--Phalacrocoracidae
| `--Pelecaniformes
| |--Threskiornithidae
| |--Ardeidae
| `--Pelecanoidea
| |--Pelecanidae
| |--Balaenicipitidae
| `--Scopidae
`--Inopinaves
|--Opisthocomiformes
`--Telluraves
|--Afroaves
| |--Accipitriformes
| | |--Cathartidae
| | `--Accipitres
| | |--Sagittariidae
| | `--+--Pandionidae
| | `--Accipitridae
| `--+--Strigiformes
| | |--Tytonidae
| | `--Strigidae
| `--Coraciimorphae
| |--Coliiformes
| `--Cavitaves
| |--Leptosomiformes
| `--Eucavitaves
| |--Trogoniformes
| `--Picocoraciades
| |--Bucerotiformes
| | |--Bucerotidae
| | `--Upupides
| | |--Phoeniculidae
| | `--Upupidae
| `--Picodynastornithes
| |--Coraciiformes
| | |--+--Meropidae
| | | `--Coracioidea
| | | |--Brachypteraciidae
| | | `--Coraciidae
| | `--Halcyones
| | |--Todidae
| | `--Alcedinoidea
| | |--Motmotidae
| | `--Alcedinidae
| `--Piciformes
| |--Galbulae
| | |--Bucconidae
| | `--Galbulidae
| `--Pici
| |--Capitonoidea
| | |--Capitonidae
| | `--Rhamphastidae
| `--Picoidea
| |--Indicatoridae
| `--Picidae
`--Australaves
|--Cariamiformes
`--Eufalconimorphae
|--Falconiformes
`--Psittacopasseres
|--Psittaciformes
| |--Nestoridae
| `--+--Cacatuidae
| `--Psittacidae
`--Passeriformes
|--Acanthisittidae
`--Eupasseres
|--Tyranni
| |--Eurylaimides
| `--Tyrannides
| |--Tyrannoidea
| `--Furnarioidea
`--Passeri
|--Menuridae
`--+--Climacteridae
`--+--Meliphagoidea
`--+--Corvoidea
`--+--Picathartidae
`--Passerida
|--Sylvoidea
`--+--Muscicapoidea
`--Passeroidea